http://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&feed=atom&action=historyFelix Schafer, Some memories on Karl Polanyi in Vienna (1973-1974) - Revision history2024-03-29T07:25:57ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.41.0http://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=12965&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* Philosophy and Sociology */2018-09-20T21:33:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Philosophy and Sociology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Searching for truth behind and in the face of all, and every kind of class-truth and race-truth: following the path of a pure ethic, despite the cut-and-dried precepts of the "moralists", and beyond those taken its stand on the foundations of justice, even in defiance of the law, and bowing but to the authority of goodness and truth, turning against all phoney authority that rests on debauched success and on the display of power.” (Karl Polanyi - Notes on his life - by Ilona Duczyńska, p. 3)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Searching for truth behind and in the face of all, and every kind of class-truth and race-truth: following the path of a pure ethic, despite the cut-and-dried precepts of the "moralists", and beyond those taken its stand on the foundations of justice, even in defiance of the law, and bowing but to the authority of goodness and truth, turning against all phoney authority that rests on debauched success and on the display of power.” (Karl Polanyi - Notes on his life - by Ilona Duczyńska, p. 3)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There was at least one kindred spirit in the family with whom he shared his philosophical and sociological interests viz., his brother Michael, then professor in physics and later in economics. Polanyi’s wife speaks of him "as a scientist, economist, philosopher, religious thinker - of the Faustian image here not much seemed to be lacking.” (Karl Polanyi (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l886 </del>- 1964) - A family chronicle and a short account of his life. By Ilona Duczyńska p. 7) Polanyi mentioned sometimes to the student that he derived much pleasure from discussions of methodology with his brother. Michael Polanyi was of course outside the circle, because he was at that time working in Germany. Thus the student has never met him.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There was at least one kindred spirit in the family with whom he shared his philosophical and sociological interests viz., his brother Michael, then professor in physics and later in economics. Polanyi’s wife speaks of him "as a scientist, economist, philosopher, religious thinker - of the Faustian image here not much seemed to be lacking.” (Karl Polanyi (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1886 </ins>- 1964) - A family chronicle and a short account of his life. By Ilona Duczyńska p. 7) Polanyi mentioned sometimes to the student that he derived much pleasure from discussions of methodology with his brother. Michael Polanyi was of course outside the circle, because he was at that time working in Germany. Thus the student has never met him.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another friend not belonging to the Vorgartenstrasse group, but with whom Polanyi discussed philosophical and sociological questions was Heinrich Gomperz, then professor in philosophy at Vienna university, and as the old lady told the student, a friend of the family. "Er hat sich [24] immer um die Ilona gekümmert" (He has always looked after Ilona) she said. Only years later he learned from Mrs. Polanyi, that Gomperz had proved himself to her as a fatherly friend from her 17th year onwards, when she was introduced to him. He was helpful in the most difficult circumstances during her imprisonment, when she faced a court martial, and during illness. For two months she found a hideout from political persecution with the Gomperz family. The student met Gomperz only once when he just happened to be at the Polanyi home. In the conversation with Polanyi Gomperz criticised Hans Kelsen (then professor in philosophy of law at the same university) for his doctrine that sociology was not a social science, but a natural science. But they must also have talked critically about the way of appointing lecturers. For the student still remembers Gomperz saying: "Der ist ein Schüler von dem und der ist ein Schüler von dem" (Well, this one is a pupil of this professor and the other one is a pupil of that professor) Gomperz was known among the students for his attitude sympathetic towards socialism. He was pensioned off soon after the fascist victory in February 1934, because he refused to join the “Vaterländische” Front” (Patriotic Front), the fascist and only legal party under the new regime. "Und diese Leuchte der Philosophie hat man pensioniert" (And this outstanding, philosopher has been pensioned off) commented the old lady angrily to the student. However already after a year – in 1935 – Gomperz obtained a professorship in philosophy in the U.S.A. Thus he was richly rewarded for his uncompromising stand. For had he given way to then political pressure and remained in Vienna he hardly would have survived the Nazi regime which in 1938 replaced the Austrian fascism. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another friend not belonging to the Vorgartenstrasse group, but with whom Polanyi discussed philosophical and sociological questions was Heinrich Gomperz, then professor in philosophy at Vienna university, and as the old lady told the student, a friend of the family. "Er hat sich [24] immer um die Ilona gekümmert" (He has always looked after Ilona) she said. Only years later he learned from Mrs. Polanyi, that Gomperz had proved himself to her as a fatherly friend from her 17th year onwards, when she was introduced to him. He was helpful in the most difficult circumstances during her imprisonment, when she faced a court martial, and during illness. For two months she found a hideout from political persecution with the Gomperz family. The student met Gomperz only once when he just happened to be at the Polanyi home. In the conversation with Polanyi Gomperz criticised Hans Kelsen (then professor in philosophy of law at the same university) for his doctrine that sociology was not a social science, but a natural science. But they must also have talked critically about the way of appointing lecturers. For the student still remembers Gomperz saying: "Der ist ein Schüler von dem und der ist ein Schüler von dem" (Well, this one is a pupil of this professor and the other one is a pupil of that professor) Gomperz was known among the students for his attitude sympathetic towards socialism. He was pensioned off soon after the fascist victory in February 1934, because he refused to join the “Vaterländische” Front” (Patriotic Front), the fascist and only legal party under the new regime. "Und diese Leuchte der Philosophie hat man pensioniert" (And this outstanding, philosopher has been pensioned off) commented the old lady angrily to the student. However already after a year – in 1935 – Gomperz obtained a professorship in philosophy in the U.S.A. Thus he was richly rewarded for his uncompromising stand. For had he given way to then political pressure and remained in Vienna he hardly would have survived the Nazi regime which in 1938 replaced the Austrian fascism. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=12964&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* Philosophy and Sociology */2018-09-20T21:16:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Philosophy and Sociology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>23/48<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>III – Economics was only one of the realms which claimed Polanyi’s interest. He occupied himself also with logic, theory of knowledge, methodology and others subjects which are considered to belong to philosophy and sociology. This interest was rooted in his personality.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>23/48<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>III – Economics was only one of the realms which claimed Polanyi’s interest. He occupied himself also with logic, theory of knowledge, methodology and others subjects which are considered to belong to philosophy and sociology. This interest was rooted in his personality.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He wanted to know the truth about anything he encountered in everydaylife as well as in his studies. He himself describes his endeavour in some remarks on the "Freedom of the Spirit" posthumously published by his wife. He says:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He wanted to know the truth about anything he encountered in everydaylife as well as in his studies. He himself describes his endeavour in some remarks on the "Freedom of the Spirit" posthumously published by his wife. He says:</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=12963&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* Karl Raymond Popper und Hans Zeisel */2018-09-20T21:15:44Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Karl Raymond Popper und Hans Zeisel</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Karl Raymond Popper und Hans Zeisel ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Karl Raymond Popper und Hans Zeisel ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>25/50<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>It did not take long before philosophical issues infiltrated into the seminar. When they came up there were besides Polanyi two main participants in the talks, viz., Karl Raymond Popper and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hand </del>Zeisel.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>25/50<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>It did not take long before philosophical issues infiltrated into the seminar. When they came up there were besides Polanyi two main participants in the talks, viz., Karl Raymond Popper and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hans </ins>Zeisel.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Popper was then a school teacher employed by the Municipality of Vienna. But his chief interest was in philosophy. In 1937 he obtained a lecturership at Canterbury University Christchurch, New Zealand. While there helped various people to escape from Nazism by entering New Zealand. Among them was also the former student and his family at the Polanyis’ request. Since 1946 Popper, worked as a reader and later as a professor of logic and scientific research at the London School of Economics. He was knighted in 1964.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Popper was then a school teacher employed by the Municipality of Vienna. But his chief interest was in philosophy. In 1937 he obtained a lecturership at Canterbury University Christchurch, New Zealand. While there helped various people to escape from Nazism by entering New Zealand. Among them was also the former student and his family at the Polanyis’ request. Since 1946 Popper, worked as a reader and later as a professor of logic and scientific research at the London School of Economics. He was knighted in 1964.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another main proposition of Popper pointed out in "The poverty of Historicism" and in "The Open Society and Its Enemies" is that predictions of the course of history (he calls such attempts "Historicism") are impossible. For a major factor influencing history is the growth of knowledge which depends of ten on unpredictable intuition. He criticised Plato, Aristoteles, Hegel and Marx for having made such predictions.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another main proposition of Popper pointed out in "The poverty of Historicism" and in "The Open Society and Its Enemies" is that predictions of the course of history (he calls such attempts "Historicism") are impossible. For a major factor influencing history is the growth of knowledge which depends of ten on unpredictable intuition. He criticised Plato, Aristoteles, Hegel and Marx for having made such predictions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However Popper argues, for parts of society, not for the whole society, laws about the unintended results of human actions can be <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>26<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>shown. From this Popper derives the proposition that reforms could be made gradually only, by "piecemeal social engineering" as he calls it.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However Popper argues, for parts of society, not for the whole society, laws about the unintended results of human actions can be <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>26<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>shown. From this Popper derives the proposition that reforms could be made gradually only, by "piecemeal social engineering" as he calls it.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But this proposition does not consider that decisions on reforms depend upon the prevailing circumstances, and cannot be based upon one single consideration only. The significance of Popper’s criticism of Marx is limited. For according to Popper himself Marx "did not always take his own system too seriously and he was quite prepared to deviate a little from his fundamental scheme: he considered it not as a point of view (and as such it was certainly most important) rather than a system of dogmas" (The Open Society and its Enemies Vol. II p. 331) Nor do Marxists "wish to relieve men from the strain of their responsibilities." (Open Society Vol. I p. 4) Moreover Popper states that Marx’ "Prophecy that the system of unrestrained capitalism, as he knew it, was not going to last much longer was right. He was right too in holding that it was largely the "class struggle" i.e. the association of the workers that was going to bring about the transformation into a new economic system." (Open Society, Vol. II p. 193). Thus Popper’s criticism of Marxism leaves essential points untouched.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But this proposition does not consider that decisions on reforms depend upon the prevailing circumstances, and cannot be based upon one single consideration only. The significance of Popper’s criticism of Marx is limited. For according to Popper himself Marx "did not always take his own system too seriously and he was quite prepared to deviate a little from his fundamental scheme: he considered it not as a point of view (and as such it was certainly most important) rather than a system of dogmas" (The Open Society and its Enemies Vol. II p. 331) Nor do Marxists "wish to relieve men from the strain of their responsibilities." (Open Society Vol. I p. 4) Moreover Popper states that Marx’ "Prophecy that the system of unrestrained capitalism, as he knew it, was not going to last much longer was right. He was right too in holding that it was largely the "class struggle" i.e. the association of the workers that was going to bring about the transformation into a new economic system." (Open Society, Vol. II p. 193). Thus Popper’s criticism of Marxism leaves essential points untouched.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi spoke highly of Popper’s work at Vienna. But the former student thinks that Polanyi might have agreed with his comments on the "Open Society". In contrast to Popper’s preceding books the "Poverty of Historicism" and "the Open Society and Its Enemies" have a political flavour and appear as a turn from Popper’s socialism of earlier years to Liberalism.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi spoke highly of Popper’s work at Vienna. But the former student thinks that Polanyi might have agreed with his comments on the "Open Society". In contrast to Popper’s preceding books the "Poverty of Historicism" and "the Open Society and Its Enemies" have a political flavour and appear as a turn from Popper’s socialism of earlier years to Liberalism.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Popper does not seem to have realized that liberalism easily can produce fascism exactly what Popper wants to avoid. For the society of uncontrolled private enterprise which the liberals have in mind is unbearable. Furthermore at least some liberals, condone fascism, if <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>27<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>they fear for the profits of private enterprise. In same way Popper’s preference for liberalism as a protection against totalitarianism reminds the former student of the "Dollfussjews" of the period 1933 - 1938 in Austria. They were Jews or people of Jewish descent who supported the then ruling fascism of Italian pattern under Dollfuss and his successors, because they thought in this manner to keep away Nazism. They failed to see that by their attitude they helped towards it. Only a few of these people have learned this lesson after 1938, when the Nazis took over in Austria. The former student could convince himself of this during his detention in the concentration camp. To the majority of such “Dollfussjews” the statement of a fellow prisoner applied: "Schläg’ bekommen und nix davon gelernt". (Beaten and learned nothing from it.) Luckily Popper was saved from such experience.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Popper does not seem to have realized that liberalism easily can produce fascism exactly what Popper wants to avoid. For the society of uncontrolled private enterprise which the liberals have in mind is unbearable. Furthermore at least some liberals, condone fascism, if <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>27<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>they fear for the profits of private enterprise. In same way Popper’s preference for liberalism as a protection against totalitarianism reminds the former student of the "Dollfussjews" of the period 1933 - 1938 in Austria. They were Jews or people of Jewish descent who supported the then ruling fascism of Italian pattern under Dollfuss and his successors, because they thought in this manner to keep away Nazism. They failed to see that by their attitude they helped towards it. Only a few of these people have learned this lesson after 1938, when the Nazis took over in Austria. The former student could convince himself of this during his detention in the concentration camp. To the majority of such “Dollfussjews” the statement of a fellow prisoner applied: "Schläg’ bekommen und nix davon gelernt". (Beaten and learned nothing from it.) Luckily Popper was saved from such experience.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It should be noted that Popper must have been largely influenced by Polanyi. For in the "Open Society" he mentions that Polanyi pointed out to him two trains of thought in 1924 and 1925, i.e. in Popper’s formative years. One of these trains of thought was the unity of method in social and natural sciences. (Cf. Open Society, I p. 305) The other one was the fact "that it was Marx who first conceived artificial theory as a study of unwanted social repercussions of nearly all our actions." (The Open Society vol. II p. 323).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It should be noted that Popper must have been largely influenced by Polanyi. For in the "Open Society" he mentions that Polanyi pointed out to him two trains of thought in 1924 and 1925, i.e. in Popper’s formative years. One of these trains of thought was the unity of method in social and natural sciences. (Cf. Open Society, I p. 305) The other one was the fact "that it was Marx who first conceived artificial theory as a study of unwanted social repercussions of nearly all our actions." (The Open Society vol. II p. 323).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is noteworthy that the latter proposition belongs to the core argumentations of the "Great Transformation" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>28<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>This book describes primarily the economic history of 19th century Britain. Her economic life was then predominantly an uncontrolled private enterprise economy, a “market economy" as Polanyi calls it. In such an economy every commodity is produced for sale at a largest money gain, the prices being determined by supply and demand. This is applied also to labour land and money, although these are not produced as wares for sale. The unwanted repercussions of doing so are dehumanization of many workers, impairing the productive powers of the soil, and increased severity of the trade cycle. Hence restrictions of the markets for labour, land and money have to be imposed which the market economy cannot survive.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is noteworthy that the latter proposition belongs to the core argumentations of the "Great Transformation" <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>28<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>This book describes primarily the economic history of 19th century Britain. Her economic life was then predominantly an uncontrolled private enterprise economy, a “market economy" as Polanyi calls it. In such an economy every commodity is produced for sale at a largest money gain, the prices being determined by supply and demand. This is applied also to labour land and money, although these are not produced as wares for sale. The unwanted repercussions of doing so are dehumanization of many workers, impairing the productive powers of the soil, and increased severity of the trade cycle. Hence restrictions of the markets for labour, land and money have to be imposed which the market economy cannot survive.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An essential element of this train of of thought are unwanted repercussions of human actions. This element, as Popper shows, can be traced back to the Polanyi seminar in Vienna twenty years earlier before "The Great Transformation" appeared in 1944.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An essential element of this train of of thought are unwanted repercussions of human actions. This element, as Popper shows, can be traced back to the Polanyi seminar in Vienna twenty years earlier before "The Great Transformation" appeared in 1944.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While Popper’s thinking concerned itself above all with abstract issues, Hans Zeisel’s interest turned more towards concrete sociological questions. His father was a well known and widely respected socialist lawyer. The student knew Zeisel already from the secondary school. Thus he was no stranger to him at the Polanyis. Austria then plagued by chronical unemployment did not seem to offer him sufficient opportunities. Thus Zeisel went abroad. Eventually he became professor in sociology at the university of Chicago. His interest in methodology is mirrored in his book "Say it with Figures" a popular textbook on statistical method, which shows their possible pitfalls, if data are used without proper care. The former student is unable to say how far Zeisel has been influenced by Polanyi, but he remembers that Polanyi talked <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>29<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>with him at length on methodology. Furthermore Zeisel must have been permanently in touch with the Polanyis. For Polanyi acknowledges in his "The Great Transformation" Zeisels "careful reading"' of the proof s of his book. Zeisel has also written an article on Polanyi in the "Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences" which centers on Polanyi’s anthropological propositions. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While Popper’s thinking concerned itself above all with abstract issues, Hans Zeisel’s interest turned more towards concrete sociological questions. His father was a well known and widely respected socialist lawyer. The student knew Zeisel already from the secondary school. Thus he was no stranger to him at the Polanyis. Austria then plagued by chronical unemployment did not seem to offer him sufficient opportunities. Thus Zeisel went abroad. Eventually he became professor in sociology at the university of Chicago. His interest in methodology is mirrored in his book "Say it with Figures" a popular textbook on statistical method, which shows their possible pitfalls, if data are used without proper care. The former student is unable to say how far Zeisel has been influenced by Polanyi, but he remembers that Polanyi talked <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>29<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>with him at length on methodology. Furthermore Zeisel must have been permanently in touch with the Polanyis. For Polanyi acknowledges in his "The Great Transformation" Zeisels "careful reading"' of the proof s of his book. Zeisel has also written an article on Polanyi in the "Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences" which centers on Polanyi’s anthropological propositions. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Interlude ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Interlude ===</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6482&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* Leaving for Britain */2017-08-19T00:07:01Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Leaving for Britain</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[47/72] Polanyi’s work at the paper came to an end in November 1933, three months before democracy was fully suppressed and replaced by fascism in February 1934. Since the beginning of the rule by Government decree in March 1933, Polanyi’s position had become tenuous. His work at the “Volkswirt” might have been a main factor for putting the paper under "Vorzensur" (pre-censorship) "Das bleibt nicht wirkungslos” (This will not remain without effects) he commented to the former student. Indeed within a few months, on a raining evening in November, Polanyi told him that he was in the throes of leaving. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[47/72] Polanyi’s work at the paper came to an end in November 1933, three months before democracy was fully suppressed and replaced by fascism in February 1934. Since the beginning of the rule by Government decree in March 1933, Polanyi’s position had become tenuous. His work at the “Volkswirt” might have been a main factor for putting the paper under "Vorzensur" (pre-censorship) "Das bleibt nicht wirkungslos” (This will not remain without effects) he commented to the former student. Indeed within a few months, on a raining evening in November, Polanyi told him that he was in the throes of leaving. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[48] In the course of the evening the former student, startled and shocked went to the old lady in her room. She told him “Ja, vorige Woche waren alle hier und da ist es beschlossen werden”. (Well last week they all (the whole editorial staff) were here and then it Polanyi’s resignation from the paper) has been decided.) Soon after this talk with the old lady the former student took leave from Polanyi. When they shook hands, Polanyi said: “Für mich ist hier kein Boden”. (There is no scope here for me). These were the last words the former student heard from Polanyi at Vienna. When he walked through the sleety night to the tram stop, he could not know that the next time he was to met Polanyi would be at the Victoria Station at London in March 1939, i.e. more than five year later. Nor could he guess the totally changed circumstances under which this reunion would take place. For the present he was sad and depressed that this harmonious home which he had been privileged to know for almost ten years, would soon exist no longer. There was the old lady who in spite of her aristocratic descent angrily commented on the Austrian Government’s move towards fascism. There was Kari, then a ten years old girl whom he had seen growing up and who had coined for him the name Wawi in her baby talk, when she was still too little to pronounce his name Schafer correctly. There were the Polanyi’s, the centre of the circle, where not only policies and science were discussed, but where anything, even the most personal matters could be aired.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[48] In the course of the evening the former student, startled and shocked went to the old lady in her room. She told him “Ja, vorige Woche waren alle hier und da ist es beschlossen werden”. (Well last week they all (the whole editorial staff) were here and then it <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>Polanyi’s resignation from the paper) has been decided.) Soon after this talk with the old lady the former student took leave from Polanyi. When they shook hands, Polanyi said: “Für mich ist hier kein Boden”. (There is no scope here for me). These were the last words the former student heard from Polanyi at Vienna. When he walked through the sleety night to the tram stop, he could not know that the next time he was to met Polanyi would be at the Victoria Station at London in March 1939, i.e. more than five year later. Nor could he guess the totally changed circumstances under which this reunion would take place. For the present he was sad and depressed that this harmonious home which he had been privileged to know for almost ten years, would soon exist no longer. There was the old lady who in spite of her aristocratic descent angrily commented on the Austrian Government’s move towards fascism. There was Kari, then a ten years old girl whom he had seen growing up and who had coined for him the name Wawi in her baby talk, when she was still too little to pronounce his name Schafer correctly. There were the Polanyi’s, the centre of the circle, where not only policies and science were discussed, but where anything, even the most personal matters could be aired.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Much as the former student felt the disappearance of all this from his life as a personal loss, he realized its political meaning, that freedom of expression and the spirit of western democracy in general was leaving Austria. For Polanyi it was plunging in to insecurity by [49] choosing voluntary exile in preference to compromise with a power under which life for him was unbearable. The former student hailed Polanyi’s courageous decision, as soon as he had learnt it. In retrospect forty years later he can say that it was a lucky turning point in Polanyi’s life. Had he stayed he and his family might not have survived Nazism. He might have deprived himself not only of years of personal happiness, but also of the possibility to bring his early thoughts to later full fruition, Ilona and Kari might not have been able to take over his spiritual heritage. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Much as the former student felt the disappearance of all this from his life as a personal loss, he realized its political meaning, that freedom of expression and the spirit of western democracy in general was leaving Austria. For Polanyi it was plunging in to insecurity by [49] choosing voluntary exile in preference to compromise with a power under which life for him was unbearable. The former student hailed Polanyi’s courageous decision, as soon as he had learnt it. In retrospect forty years later he can say that it was a lucky turning point in Polanyi’s life. Had he stayed he and his family might not have survived Nazism. He might have deprived himself not only of years of personal happiness, but also of the possibility to bring his early thoughts to later full fruition, Ilona and Kari might not have been able to take over his spiritual heritage. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6375&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* Towards the Fundamentals of Economic Theory */2017-08-12T09:38:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Towards the Fundamentals of Economic Theory</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Towards the Fundamentals of Economic Theory ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Towards the Fundamentals of Economic Theory ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[2] </del>Polanyi emphasized that before any conclusions were drawn one had to be clear about the fundamentals of economic theory. Being a master of popular explanation he demonstrated his point by referring to a habit of the student who usually took some sweets before and after a late night-lecture. Once he had been unable to buy such sweets as the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>3<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>shops were already closed. He had just a few lollies left from the previous day, but less than the usual quantity. Thus the student had to decide how to divide up his depleted stock of lollies between the time before and after the lecture. He had various possibilities. But on whatever course he would decide he would have to make a choice among these various ways of consuming his supply and this choice was his economic activity. Generalizing on the bases of this example Polanyi argued that economic theory presumes three elements before any economic activity can take place, viz., firstly an economic subject – in his example the student – secondly a supply of scarce means which can, be used to satisfy wants – in this case the lollies – and thirdly wants of the economic subject which because of the scarcity of the means can be satisfied only incompletely i.e. in the example the desire of the student to eat more lollies than he has available. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi emphasized that before any conclusions were drawn one had to be clear about the fundamentals of economic theory. Being a master of popular explanation he demonstrated his point by referring to a habit of the student who usually took some sweets before and after a late night-lecture. Once he had been unable to buy such sweets as the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>3<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>shops were already closed. He had just a few lollies left from the previous day, but less than the usual quantity. Thus the student had to decide how to divide up his depleted stock of lollies between the time before and after the lecture. He had various possibilities. But on whatever course he would decide he would have to make a choice among these various ways of consuming his supply and this choice was his economic activity. Generalizing on the bases of this example Polanyi argued that economic theory presumes three elements before any economic activity can take place, viz., firstly an economic subject – in his example the student – secondly a supply of scarce means which can, be used to satisfy wants – in this case the lollies – and thirdly wants of the economic subject which because of the scarcity of the means can be satisfied only incompletely i.e. in the example the desire of the student to eat more lollies than he has available. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A Contrast between Old and New ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A Contrast between Old and New ===</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6374&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable */2017-08-12T09:38:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their {{Page |n°=2}} private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=1}} </ins>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their {{Page |n°=2}} private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)<ref>(1) K. Polanyi, “Carl Menger’s two meanings of ‘Economic’”, Studies in Economic Anthropology, ASZ, Edited by G. Dalton, 1971, p. 20</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)<ref>(1) K. Polanyi, “Carl Menger’s two meanings of ‘Economic’”, Studies in Economic Anthropology, ASZ, Edited by G. Dalton, 1971, p. 20</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6373&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable */2017-08-12T09:38:20Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=1}} </del>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their {{Page |n°=2}} private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their {{Page |n°=2}} private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)<ref>(1) K. Polanyi, “Carl Menger’s two meanings of ‘Economic’”, Studies in Economic Anthropology, ASZ, Edited by G. Dalton, 1971, p. 20</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)<ref>(1) K. Polanyi, “Carl Menger’s two meanings of ‘Economic’”, Studies in Economic Anthropology, ASZ, Edited by G. Dalton, 1971, p. 20</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6372&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable */2017-08-12T09:36:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>1<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>2<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </del>private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>1<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>The purpose of the discussion was to establish the proof that under public ownership of the means of production as under their <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Page |n°=</ins>2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}} </ins>private ownership prices could attract the productive forces towards the uses in which they were demanded most. For at that time a point was frequently made by orthodox economist above all by Ludwig von Mises were that such prices were tied to capitalism and their formation were impossible under socialism. Therefore a socialist economy would be unthinkable. The low living standard under Russia’s communist regime was said to be caused by the wrong allocation of the productive forces due to the absence of a system where prices are indicators of the intensity of demand.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polanyi felt that the argumentation could be proved wrong by the generally accepted "marginal theory", which, as he wrote in his posthumously published essay on C. Menger, "started from human wants and needs which can be satisfied from scarce resources." (1)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>(1) K. Polanyi, “Carl Menger’s two meanings of ‘Economic’”, Studies in Economic Anthropology, ASZ, Edited by G. Dalton, 1971, p. 20</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Preoccupation with this theory has taken up much of his spare time over several years. When the student arrived he found him immersed in Böhm-Bawerk’s The Positive Theory of Interest, a work on the theory of value and prices widely read at the time. The book was tattered by much use and full of blue and red pencil marks. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Preoccupation with this theory has taken up much of his spare time over several years. When the student arrived he found him immersed in Böhm-Bawerk’s The Positive Theory of Interest, a work on the theory of value and prices widely read at the time. The book was tattered by much use and full of blue and red pencil marks. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6371&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* I – 5 September 1973 */2017-08-12T09:34:25Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">I – 5 September 1973</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== I – 5 September 1973 ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== I – 5 September 1973 ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Late afternoon on a Thursday. A dark showery Viennese April day in l925. At that time Polanyi was deputy-editor-in-chief of the Österreichische Volkswirt an independent weekly sympathetic to the Labour Party. Would-be visitors knew that Thursday afternoon his work for the paper was mostly done. The telephone rang in Polanyi’s flat. His wife Ilona answered the call of a student who was asking for an appointment. She told him that Polanyi was just recovering from a flu and that he was still in bed, but provided the visitor were not to stay too long he might come up. After a tram ride of twenty minutes from the university the student arrived at the flat in the Vorgartenstrasse 203. Passing through the roomy hall and living-room he entered the long and narrow bedroom of the Polanyis. Its window faced a street of the Leopoldstadt a proletarian suburb of Vienna. The two beds stood along the wall almost touching it. On the other side of the beds was just room enough for a small bedside table and a chair.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Late afternoon on a Thursday. A dark showery Viennese April day in l925. At that time Polanyi was deputy-editor-in-chief of the Österreichische Volkswirt an independent weekly sympathetic to the Labour Party. Would-be visitors knew that Thursday afternoon his work for the paper was mostly done. The telephone rang in Polanyi’s flat. His wife Ilona answered the call of a student who was asking for an appointment. She told him that Polanyi was just recovering from a flu and that he was still in bed, but provided the visitor were not to stay too long he might come up. After a tram ride of twenty minutes from the university the student arrived at the flat in the Vorgartenstrasse 203. Passing through the roomy hall and living-room he entered the long and narrow bedroom of the Polanyis. Its window faced a street of the Leopoldstadt a proletarian suburb of Vienna. The two beds stood along the wall almost touching it. On the other side of the beds was just room enough for a small bedside table and a chair.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"It has been a nasty flu, near thing to a pneumonia"(„Es war eine grauliche Grippe, beinahe wäre eine Lungenentzündung daraus geworden“) said Polanyi and after a little pause “Well let’s go on from where we left off last week” („Gehen wir also weiter, wo wir vorige Woche aufgehört <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">haben</del>) (Polanyi said “We” though he himself was the one who did most of the thinking and talking.) Then he restated the Problem. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"It has been a nasty flu, near thing to a pneumonia"(„Es war eine grauliche Grippe, beinahe wäre eine Lungenentzündung daraus geworden“) said Polanyi and after a little pause “Well let’s go on from where we left off last week” („Gehen wir also weiter, wo wir vorige Woche aufgehört <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">haben“</ins>) (Polanyi said “We” though he himself was the one who did most of the thinking and talking.) Then he restated the Problem. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== A socialist Economy Claimed Unthinkable ===</div></td></tr>
</table>Santiago Pinaulthttp://karl.polanyi.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Felix_Schafer,_Some_memories_on_Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_(1973-1974)&diff=6370&oldid=prevSantiago Pinault: /* 5 December 1974 [p. 1-82/24-107] */2017-08-12T00:14:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">5 December 1974 [p. 1-82/24-107]</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:14, 12 August 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Kolnai was probably greatly furthered by Polanyi in his systematic survey of the ideology of Nazism. Kolnai’s book “The war against the West” appeared in 1938 at Gollancz in London. The 711 pages of this book are the result of Kolnai’s painstaking and conscientious work over several years. He quotes from more than hundred books and gives a comprehensive bibliography of the subject. Kolnai refers to Polanyi as his "distinguished friend and teacher" (p. 39) In England unfortunately Kolnai separated himself from the Polanyis - After about two hours Kolnai left and so did the student. On the street Kolnai once more warned the student not to consider Fascism as a purely academic issue. The years to come were to show right Kolnai was. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Kolnai was probably greatly furthered by Polanyi in his systematic survey of the ideology of Nazism. Kolnai’s book “The war against the West” appeared in 1938 at Gollancz in London. The 711 pages of this book are the result of Kolnai’s painstaking and conscientious work over several years. He quotes from more than hundred books and gives a comprehensive bibliography of the subject. Kolnai refers to Polanyi as his "distinguished friend and teacher" (p. 39) In England unfortunately Kolnai separated himself from the Polanyis - After about two hours Kolnai left and so did the student. On the street Kolnai once more warned the student not to consider Fascism as a purely academic issue. The years to come were to show right Kolnai was. [[#mw-page-base|↑]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 5 December 1974 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[p. 1-82/24-107] </del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">II - </ins>5 December 1974 ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>D’Orsaygasse is a little side street in the Vienna 9th district, which belongs to the inner parts of this city. During the 1920’s it was still a row of old and dilapidated houses fit to be torn down. One of two the houses was a one-storey building. A part of it formed two sides of a square which was open towards the street. This building d’Orsaygasse 5 housed the headquarters of the Socialist Students Association of Austria (Verband der sozialistischen Studenten Österreichs). In January 1924 there was an announcement on its black board, that Dr. Karl Polanyi, a prominent member of the Hungarian Labour Movement, now resident at Vienna, was to hold a seminary on Guild Socialism.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>D’Orsaygasse is a little side street in the Vienna 9th district, which belongs to the inner parts of this city. During the 1920’s it was still a row of old and dilapidated houses fit to be torn down. One of two the houses was a one-storey building. A part of it formed two sides of a square which was open towards the street. This building d’Orsaygasse 5 housed the headquarters of the Socialist Students Association of Austria (Verband der sozialistischen Studenten Österreichs). In January 1924 there was an announcement on its black board, that Dr. Karl Polanyi, a prominent member of the Hungarian Labour Movement, now resident at Vienna, was to hold a seminary on Guild Socialism.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Santiago Pinault