Austrian Period (1919-1933)

From Karl Polanyi
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Key : “Name” or „Name”: article; Name: book; (Name): draft article; (Name): draft book; 'Name': Speech or Conference; <Name>: Plan; To {Personal Name}: letter

1919 (since August)

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
Reestablishment of the First Hungarian Republic leaded by Gyula Peidl. 02.08.
Establishment of the Hungarian Republic with Archduke Joseph August as Regent of Hungary 07.08.
(Rudolf Steiner's The Threefold Commonwealth) 12.10. Weltanschauungskrise. Zur „Maschinerie der Gemeinsamkeit” von Prof. Foerster
xx.10•12. (Worauf es heute ankommt. Eine Erwiderung) [What matters Today. An Answer]
(Über das Wesen der Ost-Europäischen Wirtschaftskrise)
(Korai kereszténység és a kommunizmus Rerefémpéj és Kommüni” / “Ó Rerefémpej és Kommunizurplus)
(Marxismus und geistige Arbeit)

Gegen die wissenschaftliche Politik“ / „Behemot“ Sub-Period

Cf. also Fragments of Draft Manuscripts in German (1919-1922)

1920

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
“He [is] gaining confidence that his manuscript [Gegen die wissenschaftliche Politik] would shortly be publishable.” “He [is] able to spend some months convalescing in the Alpine resort of Semmering and in Reichenau, and his quarters in Vienna [are], at least, 'very comfortable.'”[1] Cf. Fragments of Draft Manuscripts in German (1919-1922)
07.01. To Oszkár Jászi
19.01. To Michael
Creation of the League of Nations 20.01.
17.03. To Michael
20.05. To Michael
Max Weber's death 14.06.
02.07. To Michael
“P. [is] thirty-three years old, wasted from his long illness and very lonely. His outlook [is] deeply influenced by Tolstoi. He [is] like one who looks back on life, not forward it.”[2] He meets Ilona Duczyńska. Late Autumn
H. G. Wells, The Outline of History. Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind 08.11. To Cecil

1921

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
Carl Menger's death 26.02.
O. Jászi hires P. as personal secretary and soon promotes him to the the editorial offices of the Hungarian émigré paper Bécsi Magyar Ujság.[3] Hivö és hitetlen politika[Believing and Unbelieving Politics][4]
12.08. Az új orosz politika esélyei[The Possibilities of Russia’s new Politics]
H. G. Wells, The Outline of History. (3d ed., revised and rearranged) xx.09. To Michael
18.09. Forradalom és ideológia. Jegyzetek Szabó Ervin hátrahagyott müvéhez
[Revolution and Ideology: Notes on Ervin Szabó’s posthumous Work]
26.10. To Michael
(Ist Sozialismus eine Weltanschauung?)[5] [Is Socialism a Worldview?]

Guild Socialism Sub-Period

1922

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
P. reads Joyce's Ulysses[6] 16.04. A szocialista Nagybritánnia alkotmánya[The constitution of the Socialist Great Britain]
__.05. Sozialistische Rechnungslegung[Socialist Accounting]
06.06. Az antropozófusok[“The Anthroposophists”]
18.06. A gildszocializmus[The Guild Socialism]
xx.07. Der Geistgeschichtliche Hintergrund des Moskauer Prozesses[The Intellectual-Historical Background of the Moscow Trials]
02.07. A szociálforradalmárok pörének történelmi háttere[The historical Background of the social Revolutionaries]
Rudolf Steiner, “World Economy. The Formation of a Science of World-Economics’. Fourteen lectures given in Dornach, 24th July to 6th August (GA 340) 24.07
25.07. H.G. Wells, a szocialista[H.G. Wells, the Socialist]
17.09. Karl Kautsky és a demokrácia[Karl Kautsky and Democracy]
20.09. A bécsiek vándoroljanak ki Ausztráliába![The Viennese should emigrate to Australia!]
23.09. Titáni publicisztika[Titanic Journalism]
26.09. A török renaissance[The Turkish Renaissance]
29.09. Az elnéptelenedő Franciaország és a gyarapodó Németország[The Depopulation of France and Germany is growing]
10.10. Új idöszámitás[New Era]
16.10. A demokrácia feltámadása[The Rebirth of Democracy]
24.10. Lloyd George[Lloyd George (English Version)]
02.11. Szabadkereskedelmet![Free Trade!]
16.11. Anglia választ[The English Response]
06.12. A „Consul“[A ”Consul”]
20.12. Szabotálnak…[Sabotage…]
15.12. Polly bácsi…[Uncle Polly…]
22.12 Látni akarunk[We Want to See]
Kiket tart H.G. Wells a világtörténelem legnagyobb alakjainak? [Who does H.G. Wells the Greatest Figures in the World History?]
H. G. Wells az eretnek fáraókról[H. G. Wells from the Heretics of Pharaohs]
 “A reparációs tárggalások magva[The Reparation Negotiations is a Seed]
Ami Írországban lehetséges volt[What was Possible in Ireland?]
Az angol választások[English Elections]
Válságos napok Irországban[Crashing Days in Ireland]
Hága után[After the Hague]
Választások mindenfelé[Elections Everywhere]
A német szén Odysszeája[German Carbon Odyssey]
Kokszot szénért!“ [Cock Carbon!]
Az Uj Macchiavelli, Kipps és Tono-Bungay H. G. Wells {Nirrun regings}” (Unreadable title) [The new Machiavelli, Kipps and Tono-Bungay]

1923

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
18.01. Marne-csata a Ruhr-mentén[The Battle of Marne along the Ruhr]
Karl Polanyi marries Ilona Duczyńska at Protestant Dorotheer Church.[7] xx.02.
29.03. Gild és állam[Guild and State]
Honeymoon on the Baltic Isle of Rügen. Polanyi and Ilona begins to live in an apartment at Vorgartenstrasse, 203, Vienna, on Leopoldstadt District.[8] 05.04. Jézus feltámadása[The Resurrection of Jesus]
(No special date, maybe later in 1923) Ilona's mother, Hélène Békassy, and a domestic help live with them.[9] 11.05. Van-e elég kenyere Európanak?[Does Europe have enough Bread?]
21.06. A berlini fajvédők[The Defenders of Race of Berlin]
(July?) Karoline Hélène (Kari) borns.[10] 07.07. A félelem ellen[Against Fear]
03.10. Fehérek, feketék, barnák[Whites, Blacks and Browns]
16.10. Háború és béke kérdése Genfben[The Question of War and Peace in Geneva]
21.10. H.G. Wells, a civilizáció megmentéséről[H.G. Wells on Salvaging Civilisation]
Jakob Marschak, “Wirtschaftsrechnung und Gemeinwirtschaft 30.11. A német iparbárók kivándorlása: világtrösztök felé[The Captains of German Industry: towards global Trusts]
Egy könyvröl, amelyet ném olvastam[One of the Books I did not Read]
Az angol válsag[The English Revolution]
Miért Ingudazik u svajd frank?” (Unreadable title)
(Zum Begriff Bedürfnisskalen) [On the concept of Scale of Needs]

1924

Polanyi's Life Date Document
Polanyi establishes a private, evening seminar on guild socialism. Hans Zeisel, Aurel Kolnai, Karl Popper and Felix Schafer attend to it. [11] xx.01.
26.02. To Ludwig von Mises
(April?) Polanyi begins to work for the Österreichische Volkswirt.[12]
xx.06. Die funktionelle Theorie der Gesellschaft und das Problem der sozialistischen Rechnungslegung[The Functional Theory of Society and the Problem of Socialist Accounting]
xx.11. England und die Wahlen[England and the Elections]

1925

Polanyi's Life Date Document
"In 1925-26 he laid down ideas about the objectivations in a treatise which he intended to send to the journal Der Kampf. Whether it ever happened, I do not know. But during this time he talked to me a lot about this subject, because I did my dissertation about it.”[13] __.01. Neue Erwägungen zu unserer Theorie und Praxis[Some Reflections concerning our Theory and Practice]
xx.04. Zur Krise der englischen Arbeiterbewegung[On English Workers Movement's Crisis]
08.06. Von der Parteienwahl zur reinen Vertreterwahl[From Choice between Parties to Pure Representative Choice]
xx.07. Die deutsche Antwort[The German Response]
xx.08. Der Bergauproblem in England[The Problem Bergau in England]
12.09. Die neue Internationale[The new International]
xx.10. Der Friede von Locarno[The Locarno Peace]
24.12. Letter to Richard Wank
(A társadalomtudomány) [The Social Sciences]
(Das Übersichtsproblem)[14] [The Problem of Overview]
(Das Übersichtsproblem, ein Hauptproblem des Sozialismus) [The Problem of Overview, the main Problem of Socialism]

1926

Polanyi's Life Date Document
13.02. Die Wirkungen der englischen Kohlensubventionen[The Effects of the British Coal Subsidies]
xx.03. Der Rückfall[The Relapse]
“Karl returned to further developing his Theorem in 1926, after a brief stay in hospital, the second half of April.”[15] xx.{03-04}. Die Bericht der Kohlen-Kommission[The Report of the Coal Commission]
xx.05. Der englische Generalstreik[The English General Strike]
xx.05. Probleme des englischen Generalstreiks[Problems of the English general Strike]
18.12. Ein Vorschlag zur Wahlreform[A Proposal for the electoral Reform]
(Wer ist die Linke?) [Who are the Leftist?]
Review of HERTZ Friedrich, Feindschaft zwischen Kultur und Zivilisation
Folyóiratok szemléje[Periodical Observations]

Austrian Economics Sub-Period

1927

Polanyi's Life Date Document
15.01. Nochmals 'Ein Vorschlag zur Wahlreform'[A Proposal for the electoral Reform, one more Time]
12.02. Aus der Woche [From the Week]
xx.03. About the Goals of Hungarian Democracy (Letter to the editor of A Látahár)
xx.06. Die neue Weltlage[The new World Situation]
xx.xx. Letter to a comrade
((Auszug aus einem Referat) Zur Sozialisierungsfrage) [(Excerpt from a Paper) on the Question of Socialization]
A magyar demokrácia célkitüzéseiröl [About the Goals of Hungarian Democracy]
(Ist Sozialismus eine Weltanschauung?)[16] [Is Socialism a Worldview?]
(Zum Begriff Bedürfnisskalen) [On the concept of Scale of Needs][17]
Pure Economic Theory[18]

1928

Polanyi's Life Date Document
xx.01. Review of L'annuaire de la Société des Nations 1928
xx.02. Liberale Wirtschaftsreformen in England[Liberal Reforms in England]
25.02. Liberale Sozialreformer in England[Liberal Social Reforms in England]
xx.03. Italien und Europa[Italy and Europe]
xx.06. Schmalenbach und Liberalismus[Schmalenbach and Liberalism]
xx.{05-06}. Soziale Fragen der Rationalisierung[The Social Question of Rationalisation]
xx.09. Kelloggpakt[The Kellog Pact]
(Hans Mayer’s Lösung des Zurechnungsproblems) (w/ Felix Schafer) [Hans Mayer's Solution to the Problem of Computation]
Munkanélküliség a szellemi pátyák köréhen[Unemployment among Intellectual Patriarchs]
Karl Kraus[Karl Kraus]
Az Új Középeurópa[The new Central Europe]
Review of JORDAN Károly, Matematikai Statisztika
(…das Wesen der Kaufkraftwirtschaftlichen Betrachtungsweise…) […the Essence of Purchasing Power Point of View]

1929

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
xx.xx Review of Political Book of 1929
xx.xx Review of Georg Hahn, Die Konkurrenz
xx.06. Einsteins spezielle Relativitätstheorie [Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity]
xx.06. A Galilei Kör mérlege[The Galilei Circle: a balance sheet]
xx.06. Labours Sieg[The Victory of Labour]
xx.06. Review of George Paish, World Economic Suicide
xx.08. Englisch-amerikanische Flottenparität[Anglo-American fleet Parity]
xx.09. MacDonald in Washington
xx.09. Review of Völkerbunde und Press
07.12. To Donald Grant
Shortly after Christmas, the Macmurrays spend ten days in Vienna with the Grants and the Polanyis[19] 26-31.12.
“P. has a lecture − "Reformietes Bewusstsein” − which he gave on the emergence of reform of consciousness in 1927 or '29. P. gave this lecture to a small group including Kolnyai, Ernst Karl Winter, and Otto Bauer. Winter wanted to build up an anti-Fascist group in Vienna. P. was interested only on his own ideas.”[20] "Reformietes Bewusstsein”

1930

Polanyi's Life Date Document
xx.01. Pax anglo-americana
xx.09. Weltpolitische Unbehagen[World Political Discomfort]
xx.09.?[21] Einführung in die Volkswirtschaftslehre[Introduction to the Economy/Economic science]
Zur wirtschaftlichen Neuordnung Europas[On the economic reorganization of Europe]

1931

Polanyi's Life Date Document
xx.03. Bewegung in Europa[Movement in Europe]
xx.09. Demokratie und Währung in England[Democracy and Currency in England]
xx.10. Lavals sonderbare Reise[Laval's Strange Journey]
xx.11. MacDonald und die Wirtschaftspolitik[MacDonald and the Economic Policy]
Neue Schutzzollwelle[New Protectionist Wave]
xx.12. England auf der Waage[England on the Scales]
xx.xx Austria and Free Trade

Young-Marxo-Christian anti-Fascist Sub-Period

1932

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
First publication of Karl Marx's “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”, in German. xx.01. Einer Reparationslösung entgegen[Towards a reparation solution]
xx.06. Gleichberechtigung und Völkerbund[Equality and the League of Nations]
xx.07. Kritik an Lausanne[Criticism of Lausanne]
xx.10. Gleichberechtigung und die deutsche Linke[Equality and the German Left]
21.11. To Michael
xx.12. Die verschobene Weltwirtschaftskonferenz[The postponed World Economic Conference]
xx.12. Wirtschaft und Demokratie[Economy and Democracy]

1933

World Events Polanyi's Life Date Document
H. G. Wells, The Shape of Things to Come xx.01. Die geistigen Voraussetzungen des Faschismus[The spiritual Prerequisites of Fascism]
11.02. Gegenrevolution[Counter-Revolution]
21.02. 'Die Wirtschaft ist für den Faschismus' [The Economy is for Fascism]
xx.02. Zweiter Fünfjahresplan abgebremst[Second five-year plan braked]
Polanyi family takes holidays in Yugoslavia.[22] Das Ausmaß der Wirtschaftskrise[The Extent of the Economic Crisis]
xx.04. Kann Amerika den Weltfrieden retten?[Can America save World Peace?]
15.04. Weltinflationismus[World Inflationism]
xx.05. Von Lausanne bis Washington[From Lausanne to Washington]
xx.05. Abrüstung und Revision[Disarmament and Revision]
xx.06. Viererpakt statt Abrüstung[Four Pact Instead of Disarmament]
24.06. Staatsgründung[State Founding]
xx.07. Brain-Trust siegt[Brain-Trust wins]
xx.07. Roosevelt zerschlägt die Konferenz[Roosevelt smashes the conference]
29.07. Hitler und die Wirtschaft[Hitler and the Economy]
xx.09. Austria and Germany
xx.10. Der 14 Oktober[October, the 14th]
xx.11. Der Mechanismus der Weltwirtschaftskrise[The Mechanism of the Global Economic Crisis]
xx.11. Ein Gefährlicher Aufbauplan[A Dangerous Construction Plan]
xx.12. Eine Welt im Wanken[A World in Wavering]
Faschismus[Fascism]

Notes and References

  1. Dale 2016, 64.
  2. Duczyńska 1970, 29/12, 50.
  3. Dale 2016, 65; See also Duczyńska 1970, 29/12, 51. The BMU, “funded, to his discomfiture, by the Czech liberal leader Eduard Beneš, was the foremost publishing organ of Hungarian exiles and emigrés. Its ambit was global, but its most important achievement was to provide regular reports on what it termed “Magyar fascism” [Dale 2016, 65]
  4. I follow here Gareth Dale and Adam Fabry [Polanyi 2016, 99], and not 01/40 that dates this text in ”1928”
  5. „Über die Freiheit“ in POLANYI 2005
  6. Cf. A. Rotstein, “Week-end notes” XIX, 32.
  7. Dale 2016, 67.
  8. Dale 2016, 67.
  9. Dale 2016, 69.
  10. Dale 2016, 68.
  11. Dale 2016, 71. Gareth Dale writes that Peter Drucker attended the seminar but the latter wrote in 1978, that he met Polanyi in November 1927; See also Schafer 1964; Schafer 1973-1974.
  12. Dale 2016, 70
  13. Schafer 1964, 15.
  14. The date is almost arbitrary, but I believe it's after „Sozialistische Rechnungslegung“ -- Santiago Pinault
  15. Schafer 1964-1966, 44; “Vorgartenstrasse, 203” [2000], 337
  16. Über die Freiheit in POLANYI 2005
  17. The date is not sure. Must be after 1923, since the text is about Carl Menger's 2d edition of the Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre . -- Santiago Pinault
  18. Estimated date; the KPA says 1924-1927…
  19. COSTELLO J. E., [2002] John Macmurray. A BIography, Floris Books, 200-201.
  20. Abraham Rotstein, Weekend Note XIX, 31.
  21. It's a lesson, so must be on the beginning of the school year.
  22. See. Schafer 1964, 63