The Essence of Fascism - Revision history

Santiago Pinault: /* V. Spann, Hegel and Marx */

2020-04-24T14:03:47Z

V. Spann, Hegel and Marx

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	== V. Spann, Hegel and Marx ==		== V. Spann, Hegel and Marx ==
	{{Page \|n°=375}}		{{Page \|n°=375}} This can be readily seen when contrasted to Marx's criticism of Capitalist society.
	{{Page \|n°=376}}
			Marx starts from … […]

			In a developed market-society distribution of labour … […] They follow their own laws; rush in and out of the market; change places; seem to be masters of their own destiny. We are in a spectral world, but in a world in which ''spectres are real''. For the pseudo-life of the commodity, the objective character of exchange value, are ''not'' illusion. The same holds true of other "objectifications" like the value of money, Capital, Labour, he State. They are the reality of a condition of affairs in which man has been estranged from himself. Part of his self is embodied in these commodities which now possess a strange self-hood of their own. The same holds true of all social phenomena in Capitalism, whether it be the State, Law, Labour, Capital, or Religion.

			But the true nature rebels against Capitalism. Human relationships are the reality of society. In spite of the division of labour they must be immediate, i.e. personal. The means of production must be controlled by the community. Then human society will be real, for it will be humane: a relationship of persons.

			In Spann's philosophy … […]

			{{Page \|n°=376}} yet, it is denied that there is self-estrangement. Not …

			The anti-individualist implications of this position go far beyond Hegel. The reason for this easily found. His apologia for State-Absolutism and his glorification of the … […]



	{{Page \|n°=377}} J.J. Bachofen's antithesis		{{Page \|n°=377}} J.J. Bachofen's antithesis

	[…] The core of Klage's anthropology		[…] The core of Klage's anthropology

	== VI. Klages, Nietzsche, and Marx ==		== VI. Klages, Nietzsche, and Marx ==

Santiago Pinault: /* IV. “Soul” versus Mind */

2020-04-24T13:41:49Z

IV. “Soul” versus Mind

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	== IV. “Soul” versus Mind ==		== IV. “Soul” versus Mind ==
			Let us begin by a broad contrast.

	{{Page \|n°=373}}		The first type of consciousness is the “Soul”; it belongs to the plane of vegetative or animal life. There is no Ego. […]
	{{Page \|n°=374}}
			the {{Page \|n°=373}} tissue of animal instinct. […]

			Whether it is the rule …

			The alternative type of consciousness is as far …

			{{Page \|n°=374}} is supposed to contain as a subjective experience in himself, he thus encounters as colourless semi-translucent objectivity outside himself. Society is a vast mechanism of intangible entities, of Mind-stuff; the substance of personal existence is merely the shadow of a shadow. We are in a world of spectres in which everything seems to possess life except human beings.

			The details of this broad contrast are more or less arbitrary, each of the opposites being the compound of the spirit of a whole school of thought. Yet the values and methods presented in them ultimately derive from Nietzsche and Hegel respectively. […]

			Both Nietzsche and Hegel were thinkers of great intellectual passion.

	== V. Spann, Hegel and Marx ==		== V. Spann, Hegel and Marx ==

Santiago Pinault at 13:18, 24 April 2020

2020-04-24T13:18:20Z

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	__TOC__		__TOC__

	{{Page \|n°=359}}		{{Page \|n°=359}} VICTORIOUS FASCISM is not only the downfall of the Socialist Movement; it is the end of Christianity in all but its most debased forms.

	~~{{Page \|n°=360}} struggle~~ …		The common attack …

	~~… ''Quadragesimo Anno'', the Pope~~ …		All over Central Europe …

	~~Undoubtedly, it would be impossible~~ to ~~argue~~ that ~~he who attacks~~ the ~~Christian~~ Churches is ~~attacking Christianity~~.		Our picture may seem to over-stress the importance of the German developments and to ignore the fact that the {{Page \|n°=360}} struggle between Fascism and and the Churches is far from general. Undoubtedly, the Roman Church […] … ''Quadragesimo Anno'', the Pope …

	{{Page \|n°=361}} course of history. Even in Germany to-day, Christian Pacifists and Religious Socialists are as far removed from …		But these instances …

			But, even so, there are …

			Undoubtedly, it would be impossible to argue that he who attacks the Christian Churches is attacking Christianity. Only too often has the opposite been true in the {{Page \|n°=361}} course of history. Even in Germany to-day, Christian Pacifists and Religious Socialists are as far removed from …

	This helps to clear up the second objection: … […]		This helps to clear up the second objection: … […]
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	But the Russian example should be a strong …		But the Russian example should be a strong …

	{{Page \|n°=362}} …teachings of Jesus.		On the face of it, the argument is really …

			{{Page \|n°=362}} delusions of Socialism …
			…teachings of Jesus.

			But politics …

			It is to the philosophy and sociology of Fascism we must turn for the answer.

	== I. Fascist anti-individualism ==		== I. Fascist anti-individualism ==
	The common complaint that Fascism has ~~not…~~		The common complaint that Fascism has not produced a comprehensive philosophic system of its own is not …

			… the idea of ''anti-individualism''.

	{{Page \|n°=363}} After having…		{{Page \|n°=363}} After having…

	Spann, the ~~prophet…~~		Spann, the prophet of counter-revolution, starts …

	Hegel Marx		Hegel Marx

Santiago Pinault at 21:12, 20 March 2020

2020-03-20T21:12:13Z

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	{{Page \|n°=359}}		{{Page \|n°=359}}
	~~{{Page \|n°=360}}~~

	~~''Quadragesimo Anno'', the Pope~~		{{Page \|n°=360}} struggle …

			… ''Quadragesimo Anno'', the Pope …

			Undoubtedly, it would be impossible to argue that he who attacks the Christian Churches is attacking Christianity.

			{{Page \|n°=361}} course of history. Even in Germany to-day, Christian Pacifists and Religious Socialists are as far removed from …

			This helps to clear up the second objection: … […]

			But the Russian example should be a strong …

	~~{{Page \|n°=361}}~~
	{{Page \|n°=362}} …teachings of Jesus.		{{Page \|n°=362}} …teachings of Jesus.

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	{{Page \|n°=367}}		{{Page \|n°=367}}

	{{Page \|n°=368}} necessarily be aimed, is an entirely different Individualism from the one against which his actual arguments are directed. Thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common.		{{Page \|n°=368}} necessarily be aimed, is an entirely different Individualism from the one against which his actual arguments are directed. Thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common.

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	For the idea of Man and the idea of Society cannot be dealt with separately. What Fascism is contending with is the Christian idea of man and Society as a whole. Its central concept is that of the person. It is the individual in his religious aspect. The consistent refusal of Fascism to regard the individual in this aspect in the sign of its recognition that Christianity and Fascism are completely incompatible.		For the idea of Man and the idea of Society cannot be dealt with separately. What Fascism is contending with is the Christian idea of man and Society as a whole. Its central concept is that of the person. It is the individual in his religious aspect. The consistent refusal of Fascism to regard the individual in this aspect in the sign of its recognition that Christianity and Fascism are completely incompatible.

	The Christian idea of society is that it is a relationship of persons. Everything else follows logically from this. The central proposition of Fascism is that society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. This is the real significance of its anti-individualism. The implied negation is the formative principle of Fascism as a philosophy. It is its essence. It sets to Fascist thought its definite task in history, science, morals, politics, economics, and religion. Thus Fascist philosophy is an effort to produce a vision of the world in which society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. A society, in fact, in which they are either no conscious human {{Page \|n°=371}} beings or their consciousness has no reference to the existence and functioning of society. Anything less leads back to the Christian truth about society. But that is indivisible. It is the ~~achivement~~ of Fascism to have discovered its whole scope. It rightly asserts the corelatedness of the ideas of Individualism, Democracy and Socialism. It knows that either Christianity of Fascism must perish in the struggle.		The Christian idea of society is that it is a relationship of persons. Everything else follows logically from this. The central proposition of Fascism is that society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. This is the real significance of its anti-individualism. The implied negation is the formative principle of Fascism as a philosophy. It is its essence. It sets to Fascist thought its definite task in history, science, morals, politics, economics, and religion. Thus Fascist philosophy is an effort to produce a vision of the world in which society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. A society, in fact, in which they are either no conscious human {{Page \|n°=371}} beings or their consciousness has no reference to the existence and functioning of society. Anything less leads back to the Christian truth about society. But that is indivisible. It is the achievement of Fascism to have discovered its whole scope. It rightly asserts the corelatedness of the ideas of Individualism, Democracy and Socialism. It knows that either Christianity of Fascism must perish in the struggle.

	[…]		[…]

Santiago Pinault: /* II. Atheist and Christian Individualism */

2019-09-05T03:16:04Z

II. Atheist and Christian Individualism

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	{{Page \|n°=368}} necessarily be aimed, is an entirely different Individualism from the one against which his actual arguments are directed. Thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common.		{{Page \|n°=368}} necessarily be aimed, is an entirely different Individualism from the one against which his actual arguments are directed. Thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common.

	Spann's thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common		Spann's …

	Dostoevsky's ''The Possessed''		Nobody can deny …

			Spann's criticism of Individualism is vitiated … […]

			The formula of atheist Individualism is that of Kiriloff in Dostoevsky's ''The Possessed'' … […]

	{{Page \|n°=369}} evil. […]		{{Page \|n°=369}} evil. […]

Santiago Pinault: /* II. Atheist and Christian Individualism */

2019-09-05T03:13:19Z

II. Atheist and Christian Individualism

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	{{Page \|n°=367}}		{{Page \|n°=367}}
	{{Page \|n°=368}} Dostoevsky's ''The Possessed''		{{Page \|n°=368}} necessarily be aimed, is an entirely different Individualism from the one against which his actual arguments are directed. Thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common.
	{{Page \|n°=369}} […]
	Dostoevsky Nietzsche		Spann's thus, as a critical contribution to Fascism, Spann’s argumentation is a failure. Yet incidentally it reveals the true nature of the problem with exceptional clarity, i.e. that meaning of individualism which Socialism and Christianity have in common

			Dostoevsky's ''The Possessed''

			{{Page \|n°=369}} evil. […]

			Dostoevsky's ruthless analysis of Kiriloff leaves no doubt about the true nature and limitations of the spiritually autonomous personality. The Titanic Superman is the heir of the gods Nietzsche … […]

	[…] …denying that he has soul.		[…] …denying that he has soul.

Santiago Pinault: /* See also */

2019-06-29T18:09:29Z

Santiago Pinault: /* Text Informations */

2019-05-28T02:15:22Z

Text Informations

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	== Text Informations ==		== Text Informations ==
	'''Reference''':<br />		'''Reference''':<br />
	'''Original Publication''': “The Essence of Fascism”, in ''[[Christianity and the Social Revolution]]'', p. 359-394<br />		'''Original Publication''': “The Essence of Fascism”, in ''[[Christianity and the Social Revolution]]'', [[1935]], p. 359-394<br />
	'''KPA''': [[13/06]]<br />		'''KPA''': [[13/06]]<br />
	'''Recent Publication in English''': in [[Polanyi 2018b]], p. 77-90<br />		'''Recent Publication in English''': in [[Polanyi 2018b]], p. 77-90<br />

Santiago Pinault: /* Text Informations */

2019-05-28T02:14:54Z

Text Informations

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	'''Original Publication''': “The Essence of Fascism”, in ''[[Christianity and the Social Revolution]]'', p. 359-394<br />		'''Original Publication''': “The Essence of Fascism”, in ''[[Christianity and the Social Revolution]]'', p. 359-394<br />
	'''KPA''': [[13/06]]<br />		'''KPA''': [[13/06]]<br />
	'''Recent Publication''':		'''Recent Publication in English''': in [[Polanyi 2018b]], p. 77-90<br />
			'''Other Languages''':
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Lge		! Lge
	! Name		! Name
	\|-
	~~\| EN~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| DE		\| DE
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	\|-		\|-
	\| FR		\| FR
	\| « [[L’essence du fascisme]] »~~, chap. 22 des ''[[Essais de Karl Polanyi]]'', p. 369-398~~		\| « [[L’essence du fascisme]] »
	\|}		\|}

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* Abraham Rotstein, [[Abraham_Rotstein,_Weekend_Notes_II#p12\|Weekend notes, II, 12]].		* Abraham Rotstein, [[Abraham_Rotstein,_Weekend_Notes_II#p12\|Weekend notes, II, 12]].

Santiago Pinault: /* II. Atheist and Christian Individualism */

2018-08-23T15:59:27Z

II. Atheist and Christian Individualism

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 23 August 2018
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	For the idea of Man and the idea of Society cannot be dealt with separately. What Fascism is contending with is the Christian idea of man and Society as a whole. Its central concept is that of the person. It is the individual in his religious aspect. The consistent refusal of Fascism to regard the individual in this aspect in the sign of its recognition that Christianity and Fascism are completely incompatible.		For the idea of Man and the idea of Society cannot be dealt with separately. What Fascism is contending with is the Christian idea of man and Society as a whole. Its central concept is that of the person. It is the individual in his religious aspect. The consistent refusal of Fascism to regard the individual in this aspect in the sign of its recognition that Christianity and Fascism are completely incompatible.

	The Christian idea of society is that it is a relationship of persons. Everything else follows logically from this. The central proposition of Fascism is that society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. This is the real significance of its anti-individualism. The implied negation is the formative principle of Fascism as a philosophy. It is its essence. It sets to Fascist thought its definite task in history, science, morals, politics, economics, and religion. Thus Fascist philosophy is an effort to produce a vision of the world in which society is ''not' a relationship of persons. A society, in fact, in which they are either no conscious human {{Page \|n°=371}} beings or their consciousness has no reference to the existence and functioning of society.		The Christian idea of society is that it is a relationship of persons. Everything else follows logically from this. The central proposition of Fascism is that society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. This is the real significance of its anti-individualism. The implied negation is the formative principle of Fascism as a philosophy. It is its essence. It sets to Fascist thought its definite task in history, science, morals, politics, economics, and religion. Thus Fascist philosophy is an effort to produce a vision of the world in which society is ''not'' a relationship of persons. A society, in fact, in which they are either no conscious human {{Page \|n°=371}} beings or their consciousness has no reference to the existence and functioning of society. Anything less leads back to the Christian truth about society. But that is indivisible. It is the achivement of Fascism to have discovered its whole scope. It rightly asserts the corelatedness of the ideas of Individualism, Democracy and Socialism. It knows that either Christianity of Fascism must perish in the struggle.

			[…]

	== III. The solutions ==		== III. The solutions ==

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* Abraham Rotstein, [[Abraham_Rotstein,_Weekend_Notes_II#p12\|Weekend notes, II, 12]].		* Abraham Rotstein, [[Abraham_Rotstein,_Weekend_Notes_II#p12\|Weekend notes, II, 12]].
			* Felix Schafer, [[Felix_Schafer,_First_Memoirs_(1964-1966)#Third_.27Part.27\|First Memoirs, third part]] (1966)