Abraham Rotstein, Weekend Notes XIII - Revision history

Santiago Pinault: /* "Freedom and Technology" - General Comments (3) */

2019-12-14T03:05:58Z

"Freedom and Technology" - General Comments (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 14 December 2019
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	We should now check for any sign in his autobiography that he was starting on something entirely different. Cole didn’t have the imagination to see that he wasn’t talking about socialism and capitalism. All he said was that a new principle of immediate gain was a disaster and the machine had done it. [[#mw-page-base\|↑]]		We should now check for any sign in his autobiography that he was starting on something entirely different. Cole didn’t have the imagination to see that he wasn’t talking about socialism and capitalism. All he said was that a new principle of immediate gain was a disaster and the machine had done it. [[#mw-page-base\|↑]]

	== "Freedom and Technology" - General Comments ~~(3)~~ ==		== "Freedom and Technology" (5) - General Comments ==
	{{Page \|n°=24}} It occurred to P. that the book has two questions worth raising:		{{Page \|n°=24}} It occurred to P. that the book has two questions worth raising:
	1) Why is there a weakening in the insistence on freedom<br />		1) Why is there a weakening in the insistence on freedom<br />

Santiago Pinault at 16:48, 12 December 2019

2019-12-12T16:48:18Z

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Santiago Pinault at 09:44, 12 December 2019

2019-12-12T09:44:07Z

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Santiago Pinault at 15:35, 10 December 2019

2019-12-10T15:35:44Z

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Santiago Pinault at 12:53, 9 December 2019

2019-12-09T12:53:17Z

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Santiago Pinault: /* Robert Owen (3) */

2019-04-27T11:47:32Z

Robert Owen (3)

Santiago Pinault: /* Robert Owen (3) */

2019-04-23T00:35:33Z

Robert Owen (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:35, 23 April 2019
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	Unemployment:<br />		Unemployment:<br />
	There was no one word for employment. These were the sturdy beggars of the Tudors. ~~The~~ didn’t know of a trade depression, and suddenly the war of 1815 ceased and the unemployed would have fallen on the rates.		There was no one word for employment. These were the sturdy beggars of the Tudors. They didn’t know of a trade depression, and suddenly the war of 1815 ceased and the unemployed would have fallen on the rates.

	The 1834 law is a peculiar idea and based on a completely different notion: that the unemployment were to go into the poor house which was a horror. However this isn’t 1834, it 1816. Everything happened between {{Page \|n°=6}} 1816 and 1834 including Peterloo, and the agrarian revolt.		The 1834 law is a peculiar idea and based on a completely different notion: that the unemployment were to go into the poor house which was a horror. However this isn’t 1834, it is 1816. Everything happened between {{Page \|n°=6}} 1816 and 1834 including Peterloo, and the agrarian revolt.

	Also the Luddites existed in 1812. The modern view of the Luddites is that they were correct. P. took this from Meredith, The Economic History of England. Meredith really means the knotting frames. Only a conservative can say this. The liberals and Marxists would never agree. Owen would have terribly disapproved of the Luddites.		Also the Luddites existed in 1812. The modern view of the Luddites is that they were correct. P. took this from Meredith, The Economic History of England. Meredith really means the knotting frames. Only a conservative can say this. The liberals and Marxists would never agree. Owen would have terribly disapproved of the Luddites.

	Business Cycle:<br />		Business Cycle:<br />
	Behind unemployment, he discovered the business cycle. He said that there were no markets. Then there was the currency reform and this led him to labour {chlts} and he discovered the profit motive immediate pecuniary gain). He then discovered unregulated competition and the utilitarian value scale.		Behind unemployment, he discovered the business cycle. He said that there were no markets. Then there was the currency reform and this led him to labour {chlts} and he discovered the profit motive (immediate pecuniary gain). He then discovered unregulated competition and the utilitarian value scale.

	He despised the rich but didn't want anything taken away from them. He discovered the speculative excesses and attacked these. He discovered class, that there were two classes, the rich and the poor and he tried to show the rich how little they would lose.		He despised the rich but didn't want anything taken away from them. He discovered the speculative excesses and attacked these. He discovered class, that there were two classes, the rich and the poor and he tried to show the rich how little they would lose.
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	Toynbee's parochalism is close to this. Owen was the first to regard nations and nationalism as derived from fact that man was a localized animal.		Toynbee's parochalism is close to this. Owen was the first to regard nations and nationalism as derived from fact that man was a localized animal.

	He had a democratic and paternalistic approach: ~~ton~~ consult the people but not to follow them. By democratic he meant converse or talked about.		He had a democratic and paternalistic approach: to consult the people but not to follow them. By democratic he meant converse or talked about.

	School reform:<br />		School reform:<br />
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	Dance and Gymnastics:		Dance and Gymnastics:
	In England in 1815 the children were spindle legged. He understood the recreational needs fully for child life.		In England in 1815 the children were spindle legged. He understood the recreational needs fully for child life.
	He had a kindergarten but didn’t call it that.		He had a kindergarten but didn’t call it [like] that.

	He discovered socialism and socialist morality. Tolerance was his answer and since it is our own answer we better look out.		He discovered socialism and socialist morality. Tolerance was his answer and since it is our own answer we better look out.
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	He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.		He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.

	{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished ~~Balers~~ at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).		{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished Bellers at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).

	Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). He had phobias against any upset. He had a mania of opinion and against any upset of opinion and against intolerance. If he had thought of a social revolution would have gone mad. He never thought of general social change.		Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). He had phobias against any upset. He had a mania of opinion and against any upset of opinion and against intolerance. If he had thought of a social revolution would have gone mad. He never thought of general social change.

Santiago Pinault: /* Robert Owen (3) */

2019-04-20T01:29:31Z

Robert Owen (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:29, 20 April 2019
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	In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England and he didn’t know that the depression would go on between 1815 and 1848. During this period there would be the whole of the Chartism and the Trade Union movement (1828-32). After 25 years of boom there were 25 years of depression.		In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England and he didn’t know that the depression would go on between 1815 and 1848. During this period there would be the whole of the Chartism and the Trade Union movement (1828-32). After 25 years of boom there were 25 years of depression.

	He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened … […] He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless ~~… […]~~		He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened … […] He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless with no limit, but he didn’t see that the profit system would be the system in which it would develop.

	Socialism was unforeseen for him. With Villages of Union he said ~~… […]~~		Socialism was unforeseen for him. With Villages of Union he said that if these were successful no one would want to live under worse conditions and the old system would shift into the new. The whole of the Marxist position is here, that the more successful sector would win out. It also presents the Marxist position that there wouldn’t be a world revolution. It could all start from the Poor Law reform. However, it was only in 1834 that there was a Poor Law Reform Act which came after the intolerable conditions and the very high rates.

	For the personal side we should have the six things for the prologue ~~… […]~~		For the personal side we should have the six things for the prologue have the six things for the prologue with no elevation or big words. Put it simply, the way it happened. One really has a story to tell that this would be the end of a religion of sectarianism and emotionalism in so far as it was the opposite of rational.

	If we see his tremendous errors we can ~~… […]~~		If we see his tremendous errors we can understand the depth of his tragedies. But the depth of his insights had, through Karl Marx, an influence on socialism in many ways.

	Also nothing should be taken from the rich. Let them become parasites. The machine would create ~~… […]~~		Also nothing should be taken from the rich. Let them become parasites. The machine would create a thousandfold increase in wealth. He had never thought of socialism. Classes would lose nothing and the social framework need not change for all this to happen.

	The Marxist idea of the possibility of evolution as a socialist method neglected the problem of freedom entirely. “Vociferous friends of freedom” is a term Marx used in the Communist Manifesto. The phrase {{Page \|n°=19}} “freedom to starve” became a socialist slogan.		The Marxist idea of the possibility of evolution as a socialist method neglected the problem of freedom entirely. “Vociferous friends of freedom” is a term Marx used in the Communist Manifesto. The phrase {{Page \|n°=19}} “freedom to starve” became a socialist slogan.

	Owen is dominated by his anti-revolutionary and pacifist ~~… […]~~		Owen is dominated by his anti-revolutionary and pacifist statements of sheer toleration. There is no class struggle, which is an unnecessary irritation.

	{{Page \|n°=20}} The whole system could have collapsed if the workers … […]		Owen’s rationalism started from the individual selfish interest and it is only through the welfare of the community that he can be happy. He jumped out to the position of individualist self-interest by denying that the individual could be happy outside society as a whole. He doesn’t follow the lines of selfish action (the class struggle which develops out of the liberal economic principle) and he jumped the conditions of 1813 before unemployment set in. His intuitions were along the lines of moral and intellectual development.

			He discovered society and the technological civilization and he discovered that it is the machine that does it.

			Today these things are doubted. The Clapham school wants to minimize the Industrial Revolution. It is an absurdity to say that these people didn’t see what they saw. He complained of its effects on the Scottish rural society and that the coming of the machine made the employer press the worker beyond his strength. The Clapham school conquered England within idea of no industrial revolution. Beales dropped the term and so did Cole, and it is the present school in England.

			The anti-capitalist school had dropped many things e.g. wages began to rise after 1832-6. Under Speenhamland there was no bottom in wages (a supplement from the Poor Law). Therefore there was no working class and Speenhamland was only abolished in 1832 after these events.

			{{Page \|n°=20}} The whole system could have collapsed if the workers wouldn’t have wanted it (?). Speenhamland did prevent starvation as long as it lasted. This is not accepted e.g. Sraffa. … […]

	Owen didn’t understand the workings of capitalism … […]		Owen didn’t understand the workings of capitalism … […]
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	(Write with a factual tone and without elevation. The reader prefers that tone to any other.)		(Write with a factual tone and without elevation. The reader prefers that tone to any other.)

	Note page 5 “full extent…” … […] ~~Tou~~ must know him well in {{Page \|n°=21}} order not to say that he never developed. He wasn’t shaken by these things and you doubt only because you are shaken. He had a clear thought he would be killed by the mob.		Note page 5 “full extent…” … […] You must know him well in {{Page \|n°=21}} order not to say that he never developed. He wasn’t shaken by these things and you doubt only because you are shaken. He had a clear thought he would be killed by the mob.

	The mind works from principle and works from external knowledge.		The mind works from principle and works from external knowledge.

Santiago Pinault: /* Robert Owen (3) */

2019-04-20T00:26:11Z

Robert Owen (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 20 April 2019
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	Scene 3:<br />		Scene 3:<br />
	~~… […]~~		Days of continuous revelation, 1813-1821 with 8 years of rededication. (p. 108, 111, 116, 119, 150). This was a typical climax of rededication, undaunted by the recognition of growing obstacles. (p. 108, 109). (Redeemed – p. 108). 1813 was the opining essay on the New View of Society, and in 1821 the Report to New Lanark. In every one of the steps during the 8 years, he says “it begins today”. The 25 years boom was at an end. All the wealth and fame came from the boom. From the factory came the discovery of unemployment and the whole of “society” emerges from the Villages.

	He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.		He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.
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	Up to 1813 there was no unemployment but in 1815 there was unemployment and in 1818 there were paupers. He published his first essay in 1813 and in 1815 there was the depression. It broke in on the country the same way as the 1929-30 depression broke in on America. Over-night everything stopped and by 1815 the poor were flooded with unemployment. He felt the whole thing should be nationalized. The Elizabethan was a national Poor Law although it was parish-financed. From 1536 an earlier Poor Law and from 1563, the Statute of Artificers was national and only the finance was through the parish.		Up to 1813 there was no unemployment but in 1815 there was unemployment and in 1818 there were paupers. He published his first essay in 1813 and in 1815 there was the depression. It broke in on the country the same way as the 1929-30 depression broke in on America. Over-night everything stopped and by 1815 the poor were flooded with unemployment. He felt the whole thing should be nationalized. The Elizabethan was a national Poor Law although it was parish-financed. From 1536 an earlier Poor Law and from 1563, the Statute of Artificers was national and only the finance was through the parish.

	He couldn't carry through the Village of Union. He said of course, {{Page \|n°=17}} if the Villages of Union were so successful then the rest of the country ~~… […]~~		He couldn't carry through the Village of Union. He said of course, {{Page \|n°=17}} if the Villages of Union were so successful then the rest of the country wouldn’t remain under worse conditions. The whole country would gradually come under Villages of Union. He suggested the old and new system operate side by side and the new system would work. This idea underlies the socialist revolution and the Marxist superiority would win over the rest. He never thought of socialism but by 1821 he was a socialist.

	He prepared for 16 years during which there wasn't any depression, unemployment or crisis. ~~… […]~~		He prepared for 16 years during which there wasn't any depression, unemployment or crisis. It was the pauper children that made him feel as he did. A principle came over him that if you understood the principle of society you would be tolerant. The light of this would be so strong that people would be blinded and it was not permitted to tell them the whole truth. Only tell them part of it. It was the truth of the discovery of society and that the individual was determined by his environment. Tolerance would come out of this and the religions would end. Peace would come over mankind.

	In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England ~~… […]~~		In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England and he didn’t know that the depression would go on between 1815 and 1848. During this period there would be the whole of the Chartism and the Trade Union movement (1828-32). After 25 years of boom there were 25 years of depression.

	He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened … […] He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless … […]		He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened … […] He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless … […]

Santiago Pinault: /* Robert Owen (3) */

2019-04-20T00:02:19Z

Robert Owen (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:02, 20 April 2019
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	{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished Balers at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).		{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished Balers at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).

	Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). ~~… […]~~		Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). He had phobias against any upset. He had a mania of opinion and against any upset of opinion and against intolerance. If he had thought of a social revolution would have gone mad. He never thought of general social change.

	Up to 1813 there was no unemployment ~~… […]~~		Up to 1813 there was no unemployment but in 1815 there was unemployment and in 1818 there were paupers. He published his first essay in 1813 and in 1815 there was the depression. It broke in on the country the same way as the 1929-30 depression broke in on America. Over-night everything stopped and by 1815 the poor were flooded with unemployment. He felt the whole thing should be nationalized. The Elizabethan was a national Poor Law although it was parish-financed. From 1536 an earlier Poor Law and from 1563, the Statute of Artificers was national and only the finance was through the parish.

	He couldn't carry through the Village of Union. He said of course, {{Page \|n°=17}} if the Villages of Union were so successful then the rest of the country … […]		He couldn't carry through the Village of Union. He said of course, {{Page \|n°=17}} if the Villages of Union were so successful then the rest of the country … […]
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	Owen is dominated by his anti-revolutionary and pacifist … […]		Owen is dominated by his anti-revolutionary and pacifist … […]

	{{Page \|n°=20}}		{{Page \|n°=20}} The whole system could have collapsed if the workers … […]

			Owen didn’t understand the workings of capitalism … […]

	~~{{Page \|n°=21}} {{Page \|n°=22}} {{Page \|n°=23}}~~		There was a strong element of revelation. He was his own John the Baptist and had his own personal story and had to reveal it to others.

			(Write with a factual tone and without elevation. The reader prefers that tone to any other.)

	[[#mw-page-base\|↑]]		Note page 5 “full extent…” … […] Tou must know him well in {{Page \|n°=21}} order not to say that he never developed. He wasn’t shaken by these things and you doubt only because you are shaken. He had a clear thought he would be killed by the mob.

			The mind works from principle and works from external knowledge.

			Man’s self interest … […]

			The Marxists … […]

			His religion of charity … […]

			On this principle of the self … […]

			On page 19 “hitherto” occurs three times and there other phrases for it. … […]

			{{Page \|n°=22}} What really moved him was that the position of the poor didn’t … […]

			That is why a Village of Union seemed a possible thing.

			(Find Lanark on the map.) Owen said that it was in the wrong … […]

			People refused to hand over children … […]

			Distinguish between his pedantry … […]

			{{Page \|n°=23}} But he didn’t see that it involved the economic system and he didn’t know that it was capitalistic, so how could he arrive at socialism?

			He did focus on the machine and that was making society had and would go on and on. He said he must remoralize them.

			He made Christianity responsible somehow for the machine. (P. would look for the passages to confirm this.)

			We should now check for any sign in his autobiography that he was starting on something entirely different. Cole didn’t have the imagination to see that he wasn’t talking about socialism and capitalism. All he said was that a new principle of immediate gain was a disaster and the machine had done it. [[#mw-page-base\|↑]]

	== "Freedom and Technology" - General Comments (3) ==		== "Freedom and Technology" - General Comments (3) ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 27 April 2019
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	He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.		He had three periods, the factory: unemployment, currency, and the business cycle, and Villages of Union, (which were impossible and would break down); and socialism.

	{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished Bellers at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).		{{Page \|n°=16}} At the end of the book he shows that he will have 4 groups, those with no money, some money, much money etc. and it becomes a replica of the class structure. It was a way of solving the un-employment problem and making money. He republished Bellers at his own expense and he didn’t realize that he had Bellers. (Include the two details of the 96,000 pounds and the four classes from paupers to capitalists.) People would stay five to seven and be indentured. The whole plan for the 96,000 pounds is dropped. The principals was united labour, expenditure, and property and equal privileges. There would be private dwellings and the children under three would stay with the parents but all others would be housed together. Note that this would remoralize the country (p. 289).

	Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). He had phobias against any upset. He had a mania of opinion and against any upset of opinion and against intolerance. If he had thought of a social revolution would have gone mad. He never thought of general social change.		Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). Owen was deeply anti-revolutionary and shared the phobias of his time (the French Revolution). He had phobias against any upset. He had a mania of opinion and against any upset of opinion and against intolerance. If he had thought of a social revolution would have gone mad. He never thought of general social change.
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	In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England and he didn’t know that the depression would go on between 1815 and 1848. During this period there would be the whole of the Chartism and the Trade Union movement (1828-32). After 25 years of boom there were 25 years of depression.		In 1813 he was in the midst of the boom along with the rest of England and he didn’t know that the depression would go on between 1815 and 1848. During this period there would be the whole of the Chartism and the Trade Union movement (1828-32). After 25 years of boom there were 25 years of depression.

	He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened ~~… […]~~ He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless with no limit, but he didn’t see that the profit system would be the system in which it would develop.		He saw at the beginning that the whole system doesn't work and this happened in the 8 years between 1813 and 1821. 1815 was the turning point. He unconsciously prepared for 16 years and had the revelation of the transformation of mankind and he was then called to lead society. Why did he think the world would be transformed and why not tell them all?
			He didn’t expect that capitalism could exist for another 150 years. He {{Page \|n°=18}} saw that technology would be boundless with no limit, but he didn’t see that the profit system would be the system in which it would develop.

	Socialism was unforeseen for him. With Villages of Union he said that if these were successful no one would want to live under worse conditions and the old system would shift into the new. The whole of the Marxist position is here, that the more successful sector would win out. It also presents the Marxist position that there wouldn’t be a world revolution. It could all start from the Poor Law reform. However, it was only in 1834 that there was a Poor Law Reform Act which came after the intolerable conditions and the very high rates.		Socialism was unforeseen for him. With Villages of Union he said that if these were successful no one would want to live under worse conditions and the old system would shift into the new. The whole of the Marxist position is here, that the more successful sector would win out. It also presents the Marxist position that there wouldn’t be a world revolution. It could all start from the Poor Law reform. However, it was only in 1834 that there was a Poor Law Reform Act which came after the intolerable conditions and the very high rates.
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	The anti-capitalist school had dropped many things e.g. wages began to rise after 1832-6. Under Speenhamland there was no bottom in wages (a supplement from the Poor Law). Therefore there was no working class and Speenhamland was only abolished in 1832 after these events.		The anti-capitalist school had dropped many things e.g. wages began to rise after 1832-6. Under Speenhamland there was no bottom in wages (a supplement from the Poor Law). Therefore there was no working class and Speenhamland was only abolished in 1832 after these events.

	{{Page \|n°=20}} The whole system could have collapsed if the workers wouldn’t have wanted it (?). Speenhamland did prevent starvation as long as it lasted. This is not accepted e.g. Sraffa. ~~… […]~~		{{Page \|n°=20}} The whole system could have collapsed if the workers wouldn’t have wanted it (?). Speenhamland did prevent starvation as long as it lasted. This is not accepted e.g. Sraffa. P. doesn't think that Sraffa read The Great Transformation. The Great Transformation is not the last word but it still says a great deal.

	Owen didn’t understand the workings of capitalism ~~… […]~~		Owen didn’t understand the workings of capitalism the workings of capitalism and what he said was nonsense. He thought that the more machines there were, the less labour is valued. He wanted labour to be independent of the market. The problems he raised were insoluble because he had a mistaken understanding of the workings of capitalism. So did Ricardo and Marx, but Owen didn't understand the things that Ricardo and Marx had completely established. There is no sign of his ever having read anything at all but he was a voracious reader as a child. He was a “selbst-denker”, a thinker on his own. This power and impetus led him fro one thing to another. From action to theory he discovered the important things e.g. factory. How could he have discovered all these things and got angry?

	There was a strong element of revelation. He was his own John the Baptist and had his own personal story and had to reveal it to others.		There was a strong element of revelation. He was his own John the Baptist and had his own personal story and had to reveal it to others.
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	(Write with a factual tone and without elevation. The reader prefers that tone to any other.)		(Write with a factual tone and without elevation. The reader prefers that tone to any other.)

	Note page 5 “full extent…” ~~… […]~~ You must know him well in {{Page \|n°=21}} order not to say that he never developed. He wasn’t shaken by these things and you doubt only because you are shaken. He had a clear thought he would be killed by the mob.		Note page 5 “full extent…” - that he couldn't give away the thing and that they would be blinded. Take this à la lettre. Owen was such a person and Jesus was such a person. He became head of the religion of charity and didn't know what doubt was. He never doubted although he was elastic and made enormous concessions. You must know him well in {{Page \|n°=21}} order not to say that he never developed. He wasn’t shaken by these things and you doubt only because you are shaken. He had a clear thought he would be killed by the mob.

	The mind works from principle and works from external knowledge.		The mind works from principle and works from external knowledge.

	Man’s self interest ~~… […]~~		Man’s self interest lies in his craving to be happy but reason proves he cannot be happy except by making the community happy. This would come through life and everything else is needed except experience (?)

	The Marxists ~~… […]~~		The Marxists abhor hedonism but accept the utilitarian value scale.

	His religion of charity ~~… […]~~		His religion of charity was Christianity all over. He didn't stay on this level but sent the children to the kindergarten and didn't take any children under ten.

	On this principle of the self ~~… […]~~		On this principle of the self and the community it is a crude atomistic individualism and a crude Christianity which he attacked. The 200 years of religious war had led people to a hatred of sects which couldn't be exaggerated. The Church always protected any soul from the state but the religious wars brought in absolute state power (Hobbes and Spinoza). In England in the second half of the 18th century there was a new outbreak of sectarianism and a new outbreak of dissension. They were driven crazy by sectarianism and it must have been bad in Wales

	On page 19 “hitherto” occurs three times and there other phrases for it. ~~… […]~~		On page 19 “hitherto” occurs three times and there other phrases for it. This is the proclamation idea - a realistic experience of new birth and rebirth and yet he was out and out anti-revolutionary. To act like that is a mystery.

	{{Page \|n°=22}} What really moved him was that the position of the poor didn’t ~~… […]~~		{{Page \|n°=22}} What really moved him was that the position of the poor didn’t call forth one petition (p. 21). Wages were very low and the hours were increasing fast. He meant the mills. In 1750 Manchester started growing and by 1813 it was something horrible. There were two kinds of workers: the small children of the work houses who were crippled and worked to death, and the adults in the village he created, were people from Ireland and West Scotland and the scum of the earth.

	That is why a Village of Union seemed a possible thing.		That is why a Village of Union seemed a possible thing.

	(Find Lanark on the map.) Owen said that it was in the wrong ~~… […]~~		(Find Lanark on the map.) Owen said that it was in the wrong place and that the falls were inaccessible. Water was the only source of power. Lanark was in the Scottish lowlands.

	People refused to hand over children ~~… […]~~		People refused to hand over children at the age of 8 or 10 only, and insisted on children being taken from the age of 5 up. Owen didn't allow children under 10.

	Distinguish between his pedantry ~~… […]~~		Distinguish between his pedantry and the practical endeavours such as the nationalization of the poor; the Villages of Union, the socialism and social morality which are proofs of his being pushed on to the new society by practical endeavours. His Messianism and ecstatic attitudes show the preparing of others so that they might not be blinded by the light. There was a determination to death. He didn't refer to socialism but to the transformation of the world and the nature of society. Tolerance would follow and Christianity would disappear. He said that the social framework wouldn't change. If Christianity disappears and man changes from top to bottom that is what he was preparing for, to transform mankind.

	{{Page \|n°=23}} But he didn’t see that it involved the economic system and he didn’t know that it was capitalistic, so how could he arrive at socialism?		{{Page \|n°=23}} But he didn’t see that it involved the economic system and he didn’t know that it was capitalistic, so how could he arrive at socialism?